学校概述

牛津大学建立于13世纪，世界十大学府之一，以美丽的大学城闻名全世界，童话故事---爱丽丝梦游仙境即以此地为故事背景。在牛津处处都是优美的哥德式尖塔建筑，因此有「尖塔之城」之称。牛津大学是英国第一所国立大学，培育出无数的顶尖杰出人士。该校包含 36 个学院，除了各自有不同的建筑特色之外，每个学院为独立自主的教学机构，提供学生课业及生活上的指导。该大学共有30多个学院，各具特色。牛津大学的课程，无论是文科还是理科，都可获得文学学士学位或相应的荣誉学位，由导师自己挑学生，经过三年的学习，取得学士学位。近年来，牛津还设有两种以上的科目结合在一起的科目，如哲学和数学、古典文学和现代文学等，充分体现了当今学术领域多角度、多边缘，亟需资源共享的潮流和趋势。

学校资源

牛津在使用因特网进行教学、研究和图书馆管理方面处于领先地位。为改善因特网的设施和服务，牛津使用一种分散的计算机分布策略。多数自然科学系都有自己的联系广泛的计算机资源，其中有些功能非常强大，同时还有相当数量供教师和学生使用的个人电脑。学校也特别为文科学者装备了联网的个人电脑。所有联网的电脑总数超过18，000台，这些电脑使广大师生可以通过桌面的方式直接进入并使用各系、校中心、图书馆和因特网上的资源。学校的每一所建筑，每一所学院都联入了校园网。对于这些资源的第一线支持主要来自校内大多数院系。校计算机服务部也提供了广泛的因特网服务，主要为那些在本系或学院要求得不到满足的教员提供服务。牛津对于信息技术领域的多方面研究也处于领先地位，主要是通过电脑实验室和工程科学系进行，此外继续教育部在应用电脑教学方面也很有成就。

学制

一般一个学年为3个学期，十月至六月。

学科设置

考古学、人类学与地理、神学、法律、美术、现代史、中东研究、人类语言产生研究、自然科学、心理研究、犹太人研究、数学及电算、 希伯来语、欧洲语言、工程学、社会科学、数学、中世纪及现代语言 研究、建筑、化学工程、经济、教育、电子工程、生物科学、临床医学、东方研究、管理、物理、音乐、哲学、政治学、宗教研究等。

学费

本科生：文科￡5，720；理科￡7，580；医学￡13，960
研究生：生物－生理－心理￡8,910；临床医学￡16,337；MBA￡16,000；其他￡6,684
食宿费：￡6,900/12个月

牛津的留学生中有很多来自东亚。该地区发生经济危机时校方注意到经济危机给这些学生带来的严重困难。为此，学校拨款100,000英镑，特设学生困难基金帮助这部分学生。另外，牛津还接受了36个由英政府和新、马、泰等国的学生机构共同资助的学生。

英语要求

IELTS最低分数：（研究生）7.5/TSE 5.5
TOEFL最低分数：（研究生）600/TWE 4.5（笔试），250（机考）

附：牛津有关资料

牛津形成史

牛津大学的最初形成是中世纪经院哲学研究活动的结果。从１１世纪开始，越来越多的教士从事经院哲学的研究并到欧洲各地讲学，这种日益频繁的学术活动使得欧洲相继形成了几个讲学的中心，如意大利的波洛尼亚和法国的巴黎，并在此基础上形成了各地教士都可以来讲学和听课的风气。１１２９年以后，牛津城出现了几座修道院。于是，英国一些教士便把这里当作了做学问的场所。

牛津城中学术研究团体的出现，完全是一个历史的偶然。１１６７年英格兰国王亨利二世同法兰西国王菲利普二世发生争吵，亨利二世一气之下召回了在法国巴黎的英国学者，并且禁止他们去法国进行讲学或从事研究。这批英国学者来到了牛津，从而使牛津迅速发展成为英国经院哲学教学和研究的中心。于是，继波洛尼亚和巴黎之后，牛津成了欧洲的又一个学术中心，成为欧洲第三个学术研究中心，这实际上就是牛津大学的雏形。

牛津大学最初的科系设置仿照巴黎大学，有神学、法律、医学和艺术。其他诸如自然哲学、伦理哲学和形而上哲学不久也开始有人教授。直到１３世纪中叶，牛津大学才有了它最初的三个学院：大学学院、贝利奥尔学院和默顿学院，牛津大学到此时已初具规模。牛津大学以及与它同时期的巴黎大学、波洛尼亚大学等专门学术研究和人才培养机构的建立，对当时古希腊罗马文明的重新发现和系统整理、研究起了举足轻重的作用。而古希腊罗马学者的思想学说正是１４、１５世纪文艺复兴运动中，人文主义者用以反抗天主教会思想统制的主要思想武器。

 牛津与剑桥

牛津与剑桥是英国的骄傲，二校享誉全球，其地位之特殊除渊源於英国上层社会，还在于其历史之悠久与独特的学制。在英国社会里，牛剑（Oxbridge）一词即代表二校的简称。牛、剑虽然齐名，但二校互不称臣，这也反映了大不列颠王国（Great Britain）英国子民一般“高傲”心态的评语。

长久以来，牛津大学和剑桥大学一直是被人们联在一起的。其实两校差别并不大。学校组织，建筑格式等非常类似。剑桥本身就是牛津大学学生和市民冲突在之后,师生流落到剑桥建立的。两校之间的接触交流一直很密切。两所学校间有些类似中国的清华与北大，它们之间的关系和竞争很为人们关注。就像举世瞩目,一百多年来每年都要举行的划船赛，牛津赢了71次，剑桥赢了77次，基本拉平。一般的看法是牛津的人文科学更强一些，剑桥的工程技术更优势。在英国每年都有大学排名，两校通常是交替为第一二名。近年来高技术强势，剑桥在前的次数多一些。2002年泰晤士报的最新综合排名是牛津居冠。

当然，不同处是不需刻意就可以找到的。有人对牛津大学和剑桥大学做了分析，牛津大学会问："What do you think?t"，剑桥大学会问："What do you know？"看来，牛津大学更注重思想，而剑桥大学更注重求知。这大概就是牛津出了29名首相，剑桥出了61个诺贝尔奖获得者的原因。一所大学，成绩斐然至此，无人能出其右。

The Botanic Garden
(? Tim Walker)
Welcome to the University of Oxford. Oxford is the oldest university in the English-speaking world and lays claim to nine centuries of continuous existence. As an internationally renowned centre for teaching and research, Oxford attracts students and scholars from across the globe, with almost a quarter of our students from overseas. More than 130 nationalities are represented among a student population of over 18,000.
Oxford is a collegiate university, with 39 self-governing colleges related to the University in a type of federal system. There are also seven Permanent Private Halls, founded by different Christian denominations. Thirty colleges and all halls admit students for both undergraduate and graduate degrees. Seven other colleges are for graduates only; one has Fellows only, and one specializes in part-time and continuing education.
Oxford University is a member of the Russell Group of 20 research-intensive universities.

Oxford is an historic and unique institution. As the oldest university in the English-speaking world, it can lay claim to nine centuries of continuous existence. There is no clear date of foundation, but teaching existed at Oxford in some form in 1096 and developed rapidly from 1167, when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.
In 1188, the historian, Gerald of Wales, gave a public reading to the assembled Oxford dons and in 1190 the arrival of Emo of Friesland, the first known overseas student, set in train the University's tradition of international scholarly links. By 1201, the University was headed by a magister scolarum Oxonie, on whom the title of Chancellor was conferred in 1214, and in 1231 the masters were recognized as a universitas or corporation.
In the 13th century, rioting between town and gown (townspeople and students) hastened the establishment of primitive halls of residence. These were succeeded by the first of Oxford's colleges, which began as medieval 'halls of residence' or endowed houses under the supervision of a Master. University, Balliol and Merton Colleges, established between 1249 and 1264, are the oldest.
Less than a century later, Oxford had achieved eminence above every other seat of learning, and won the praises of popes, kings and sages by virtue of its antiquity, curriculum, doctrine and privileges. In 1355, Edward III paid tribute to the University for its invaluable contribution to learning; he also commented on the services rendered to the state by distinguished Oxford graduates.
Early on Oxford became a centre for lively controversy, with scholars involved in religious and political disputes. John Wyclif, a 14th-century Master of Balliol, campaigned for a bible in the vernacular, against the wishes of the papacy. In 1530, Henry VIII forced the University to accept his divorce from Catherine of Aragon. During the Reformation in the 16th century, the Anglican churchmen Cranmer, Latimer and Ridley were tried for heresy and burnt at the stake in Oxford. The University was Royalist in the Civil War, and Charles I held a counter-Parliament in Convocation House.
In the late 17th century, the Oxford philosopher John Locke, suspected of treason, was forced to flee the country. The 18th century, when Oxford was said to have forsaken port for politics, was also an era of scientific discovery and religious revival. Edmund Halley, Professor of Geometry, predicted the return of the comet that bears his name; John and Charles Wesley's prayer meetings laid the foundations of the Methodist Society.

The Divinity School
The University assumed a leading role in the Victorian era, especially in religious controversy. From 1833 onwards The Oxford Movement sought to revitalise the Catholic aspects of the Anglican Church. One of its leaders, John Henry Newman, became a Roman Catholic in 1845 and was later made a Cardinal. In 1860 the new University Museum was the scene of a famous debate between Thomas Huxley, champion of evolution, and Bishop Wilberforce.
From 1878, academic halls were established for women, who became members of the University in 1920. Since 1974, all but one of Oxford's 39 colleges have changed their statutes to admit both men and women. St Hilda's remains the only women's college.
During the 20th century, Oxford added to its humanistic core a major new research capacity in the natural and applied sciences, including medicine. In so doing, it has enhanced and strengthened its traditional role as an international focus for learning and a forum for intellectual debate.
Each year the University receives some 12,000 applications for postgraduate study.
_ More graduates than undergraduates are now admitted to the University each year, and graduates
make up almost 37 per cent of the total student body.
_ 63 per cent of graduate students at Oxford are from outside the UK.
_ At graduate level, 62 per cent of students are studying for a higher degree by research, whilst the
remainder are following postgraduate taught courses.
_ Oxford is responding to the demands of students and employers by developing a range of new taught
masters courses, many of which cut across traditional disciplinary boundaries, in subjects such as
African Studies; Biomedical Engineering; Clinical Embryology; English and American Studies; Financial
Economics; Film Aesthetics; Global Governance and Diplomacy; Mathematical and Computational
Finance; Medicinal Chemistry for Cancer; Modern Japanese Studies; and Nanotechnology.